Rainfall-induced crop failure, food insecurity and outmigration in Same-Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (Afifi, Tamer / Liwenga, Emma / Lukas, Kwezi)
This article addresses the interrelation between rainfall variability, food insecurity and human mobility in three villages located in the Same District, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, namely the villages Vudee, Bangalala and Ruvu Mferejini which are of distinct elevation and precipitation levels. It runs a comparison between the three villages and shows that there is a positive relationship between rainfall shortage and out-migration, after taking other important demographic and socioeconomic factors into account, such as age, wealth and education. The article further argues that the mechanism through which rainfall variability affects human mobility in the research site is food insecurity for humans and livestock. Rainfall variability has a clear effect on food security of the communities of the three research villages, and hence, on their human mobility. More than 80% of the economies of the households surveyed have been affected by rainfall variability. In the highest, wettest and poorest village with the highest rate of education and with the oldest population age wise, out-migration is the least. Moreover, it is crucial that the communities who prefer to stay or cannot afford to migrate receive support. Making use of the remittances in a systematic way micro-scale investments) can support their livelihoods in situ.
| Created Date: | 01-11-2015 |
| Last Updated Date: | 30-11-2015 |
| License: | Link only |